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Compare Indian Ocean (2004) - New Caledonia (2001)

Compare Indian Ocean (2004) z New Caledonia (2001)

 Indian Ocean (2004)New Caledonia (2001)
 Indian OceanNew Caledonia
Administrative divisions - none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 provinces named Iles Loyaute, Nord, and Sud
Age structure - 0-14 years:
30.31% (male 31,674; female 30,416)

15-64 years:
63.95% (male 66,014; female 65,006)

65 years and over:
5.74% (male 5,548; female 6,205) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products - vegetables; beef, deer, other livestock products
Airports - 29 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total:
6

over 3,047 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
4

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
23

914 to 1,523 m:
12

under 914 m:
11 (2000 est.)
Area total: 68.556 million sq km


note: includes Andaman Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Flores Sea, Great Australian Bight, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Java Sea, Mozambique Channel, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Savu Sea, Strait of Malacca, Timor Sea, and other tributary water bodies		 total:
19,060 sq km

land:
18,575 sq km

water:
485 sq km
Area - comparative about 5.5 times the size of the US slightly smaller than New Jersey
Background The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, but larger than the Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean). Four critically important access waterways are the Suez Canal (Egypt), Bab el Mandeb (Djibouti-Yemen), Strait of Hormuz (Iran-Oman), and Strait of Malacca (Indonesia-Malaysia). The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Indian Ocean south of 60 degrees south. Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th century, the island was made a French possession in 1853. It served as a penal colony for four decades after 1864. Agitation for independence during the 1980s and early 1990s seems to have dissipated.
Birth rate - 20.37 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget - revenues:
$861.3 million

expenditures:
$735.3 million, including capital expenditures of $52 million (1996 est.)
Capital - Noumea
Climate northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid
Coastline 66,526 km 2,254 km
Constitution - 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name - conventional long form:
Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies

conventional short form:
New Caledonia

local long form:
Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances

local short form:
Nouvelle-Caledonie
Currency - Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF)
Death rate - 5.62 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external - $79 million (1998 est.)
Dependency status - overseas territory of France since 1956
Diplomatic representation from the US - none (overseas territory of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US - none (overseas territory of France)
Disputes - international some maritime disputes (see littoral states) Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by France and Vanuatu
Economic aid - recipient - $880 million annual subsidy from France
Economy - overview The Indian Ocean provides major sea routes connecting the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia with Europe and the Americas. It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oilfields of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia. Its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export. Fishing fleets from Russia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan also exploit the Indian Ocean, mainly for shrimp and tuna. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi Arabia, Iran, India, and western Australia. An estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production comes from the Indian Ocean. Beach sands rich in heavy minerals and offshore placer deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly India, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. New Caledonia has more than 20% of the world's known nickel resources. In recent years, the economy has suffered because of depressed international demand for nickel, the principal source of export earnings. Only a negligible amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for about 20% of imports. In addition to nickel, the substantial financial support from France and tourism are keys to the health of the economy. The situation in 1998 was clouded by the spillover of financial problems in East Asia and by lower prices for nickel. Nickel prices jumped in 1999-2000, and large additions were made to capacity. French Government interests in the New Caledonian nickel industry are being transferred to local ownership.
Electricity - consumption - 1.414 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 1.52 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
78.95%

hydro:
21.05%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Java Trench -7,258 m


highest point: sea level 0 m		 lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mont Panie 1,628 m
Environment - current issues endangered marine species include the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea erosion caused by mining exploitation and forest fires
Ethnic groups - Melanesian 42.5%, European 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%, Polynesian 3.8%, Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6%, other 3%
Exchange rates - Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 127.11 (January 2001), 129.44 (2000), 111.93 (1999), 107.25 (1998), 106.11 (1997), 93.00 (1996); note - linked at the rate of 119.25 XPF to the euro
Executive branch - chief of state:
President of France Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995), represented by High Commissioner Thierry LATASTE (since 19 July 1999)

head of government:
President of the Government Jean LEQUES (since 28 May 1999)

cabinet:
Consultative Committee

elections:
French president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the government elected by the members of the Territorial Congress
Exports - $411 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Exports - commodities - ferronickels, nickel ore, fish
Exports - partners - Japan 27%, France 17%, Taiwan 12%, South Korea 9% (1999)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description - the flag of France is used
GDP - purchasing power parity - $3 billion (1998 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
4%

industry:
30%

services:
66% (1997 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $15,000 (1998 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 3.5% (1998 est.)
Geographic coordinates 20 00 S, 80 00 E 21 30 S, 165 30 E
Geography - note major chokepoints include Bab el Mandeb, Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca, southern access to the Suez Canal, and the Lombok Strait -
Heliports - 6 (2000 est.)
Highways - total:
4,825 km

paved:
2,287 km

unpaved:
2,538 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports - $843 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Imports - commodities - transport equipment, machinery and electrical equipment, fuels, minerals, wine, sugar, rice
Imports - partners - France 49%, Australia 14%, Singapore 6%, New Zealand 5%, US 5% (1999)
Independence - none (overseas territory of France); note - a referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass
Industrial production growth rate - -0.6% (1996)
Industries - nickel mining and smelting
Infant mortality rate - 8.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 1.5% (1998 est.)
International organization participation - ESCAP (associate), FZ, ICFTU, SPC, WFTU, WMO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land - 160 sq km (1991)
Judicial branch - Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court
Labor force - 79,395 (including 15, 018 unemployed, 1996)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 7%, industry 23%, services 70% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries - 0 km
Land use - arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
12%

forests and woodland:
39%

other:
49% (1993 est.)
Languages - French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects
Legal system - the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy to the islands; formerly under French law
Legislative branch - unicameral Territorial Congress or Congres Territorial (54 seats; members are members of the three Provincial Assemblies or Assemblees Provinciales elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 9 May 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPCR 24, FLNKS 12, UNI 6, FCCI 4, FN 4, Alliance pour la Caledonie 3, LKS 1

note:
New Caledonia elects 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held 27 September 1992 (next to be held NA September 2001); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPR 1; New Caledonia also elects 2 seats to the French National Assembly; elections last held 25 May-1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPR 2
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
73.02 years

male:
70.08 years

female:
76.11 years (2001 est.)
Literacy - definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
91%

male:
92%

female:
90% (1976 est.)
Location body of water between Africa, the Southern Ocean, Asia, and Australia Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia
Map references Political Map of the World Oceania
Maritime claims - exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,261 GRT/1,600 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches - French Armed Forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie); Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $192.3 million (1996)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 5.3% (1996)
National holiday - Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality - noun:
New Caledonian(s)

adjective:
New Caledonian
Natural hazards occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches cyclones, most frequent from November to March
Natural resources oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper
Net migration rate - 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Alliance pour la Caledonie [Didier LEROUX]; Developper Ensemble pour Construire l'Avenir or DEPCA [Robert FROUIN]; Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistes or FCCI [Leopald SOREDIE]; Front Uni de Liberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Groupe de l'Alliance Multiraciale or GAM [Dany DALMAYRAE]; Independance et Progres [Alphonse PUJAPUJANE]; Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS [Rock WAMYTAN] (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM); La Caledonie Autrement [Denis MILLIARD]; Loyalty Islands Development Front or FDIL [Cono HAMU]; National Front or FN [Guy GEORGE]; Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [Charles WASHETINE]; Rally for Caledonia in the Republic or RPCR [Jacques LAFLEUR]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [leader NA]; Renouveau [Thierry VALET]; Socialist Kanak Liberation or LKS [Nidoish NAISSELINE]; Union Caledonienne or UC [Bernard LEPEU]; Union Nationale pour l'Independance or UNI [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM [Andre GOPEA]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population - 204,863 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 1.48% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Chennai (Madras; India), Colombo (Sri Lanka), Durban (South Africa), Jakarta (Indonesia), Kolkata (Calcutta; India) Melbourne (Australia), Mumbai (Bombay; India), Richards Bay (South Africa) Mueo, Noumea, Thio
Radio broadcast stations - AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 107,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10%
Sex ratio - at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.89 male(s)/female

total population:
1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment:
NA

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 47,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 13,040 (1998)
Television broadcast stations - 6 (plus 25 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the southern Indian Ocean; unique reversal of surface currents in the northern Indian Ocean; low atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling, winter air results in the northeast monsoon and northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge, Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge, and Ninetyeast Ridge coastal plains with interior mountains
Total fertility rate - 2.48 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate - 19% (1996)
Waterways - none
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